The bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio were estimated according to Hooke’s law and the Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) model [25 – 26]. For hexagonal polycrystalline crystal:
The Vickers hardness (HV) was calculated according to the empirical formula [19]:
The values of universal anisotropy factor (A^U) and anisotropy factor of shear modulus (A^G), which are associated with plastic deformation, have been calculated in agreement with [17, 27] and shown below:
* A^U=5(GV/GR)+(BV/BR)−6≥0 * A^G=(GV−GR)/(GV+GR),
where BV (BR) and GV (GR) are bulk and shear moduli in Voigt [28] (Reuss [29]) approximation, respectively